Nowadays, there are two main types of conversational interfaces: chatbots and voice assistants. As technology developments are not mature enough to accommodate every possible functions, there are still many issues waited to be solved and spaces for future improvement regarding conversational interfaces. Firstly, without knowing all the possible functions in advance, users are easy to make mistakes that conversational interfaces fail to understand or solve users' request. Traditional graphical user interface (GUI) clearly lists the rules users need to follow, which thus eliminates trouble caused by uncertainty. Secondly, conversational interfaces are not user-friendly compared to GUI. AI technology is not advanced enough for people to use any kind of languages when they speak to voice assistants. Many jargons or everyday vocabularies can not be recognized by the bot. Thirdly, conversational interfaces are not always efficient. For example, if users want to customize a shoe on a website. In a user-friendly GUI, users can easily select different colors or styles by following the hints. However, with the help of chatbot or voice assistant, users may not be able to exactly express their wants during every time they interact with the bot.
Conversational interfaces have a wide range of applications that are worth continually improving. Smart routing app is one example where conversational interfaces can be put into good use. Although google map is useful enough to help users achieve some simple goals, there are yet some cases that users want a more customized route. GUI is not flexible to fulfil a more complex task, such as designing a route that is fastest but cheapest at the same time. Conversational interfaces can conveniently allow more choices in these scenarios by users delivering the personalized requirement to the bot. Meanwhile, some areas of application need to be extremely careful. For example, the misuse or malfunction of conversational interfaces in healthcare may cause severe consequence during diagnosis. The inevitable trend of conversational interfaces is definitely to become better understand customers' needs and want.